Risco de quedas e seus fatores associados na pessoa idosa hospitalizada / Risk of falls and its associated factors in hospitalized older adults

Resumo Objetivo analisar o risco de queda e sua associação com as variáveis demográficas, clínicas, estado cognitivo, risco de sarcopenia e fragilidade da pessoa idosa hospitalizada em uma clínica médica de um hospital universitário. Método Estudo quantitativo, observacional, transversal e analítico realizado com 60 pessoas idosas hospitalizadas na clínica médica de um hospital universitário da cidade de São Paulo - SP, Brasil, com o uso dos seguintes questionários: perfil demográfico, dados clínicos, Mini Exame do Estado Mental, Escala de Morse, Escala SARC-F e Índice de Fragilidade Tilburg. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e teste de normalidade de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Para as variáveis quantitativas foi utilizado o teste de correlação de Spearman e para categóricas, o teste U Mann-Whitney. Para identificar a associação, foi utilizada a regressão linear múltipla e adotado um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados Predomínio do sexo feminino, entre 60-79 anos e sem companheiro (a). Ademais, 80% apresentavam comprometimento cognitivo, 88,3% foram categorizados como frágeis, 60% apresentavam risco para sarcopenia e 75% possuíam alto risco de queda durante a hospitalização. Verificou-se associação do comprometimento cognitivo, ser frágil e ter risco de sarcopenia com o risco de queda na pessoa idosa hospitalizada. Conclusão o elevado risco de quedas em idosos hospitalizados está diretamente relacionado com a presença de deficit cognitivo, síndrome da fragilidade e o risco para sarcopenia, afirmando que esses fatores merecem atenção dos gestores e profissionais de enfermagem.

Abstract Objective To analyze the risk of falls and its association with demographic and clinical variables, cognitive status, risk of sarcopenia and frailty among older adults hospitalized in a medical clinic of a university hospital. Method A quantitative, observational, cross-sectional analytical study of 60 older adults hospitalized in the medical clinic of a university hospital in São Paulo city, São Paulo state, Brazil, was carried out. Questionnaires collecting demographic profile and clinical data, the Mini-Mental State Examination, Morse Scale, SARC-F Scale and Tilburg Frailty Indicator were applied. Descriptive analyses and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test were performed. Spearman's correlation test was used for quantitative variables and the Mann-Whitney U-test for categorical variables. Multiple linear regression was used to identify the associations and a significance level of 5% was adopted. Results The study sample comprised predominantly individuals that were female, aged 60-79 years and without a partner. Overall, 80% had cognitive impairment, 88.3% were diagnosed as frail, 60% were at risk for sarcopenia, and 75% had a high risk of falls during hospitalization. Cognitive impairment, frailty and sarcopenia risk were associated with risk of falls in the hospitalized older adults. Conclusion High risk of falls in the hospitalized older adults was directly associated with the presence of cognitive impairment, frailty syndrome and sarcopenia risk, confirming that these factors warrant attention from managers and nursing professionals.

Estudio piloto sobre el efecto de la telerehabilitación en la calidad de vida de personas mayores con deterioro cognitivo / Pilot study on the effect of telerehabilitation in quality of life among elderly people with cognitive impairment

Introducción: Los procesos de atención a personas mayores han presentado cambios debido al confinamiento sanitario causado por el COVID-19, por esta razón la telerehabilitación se impulsa como una estrategia para continuar los procesos de rehabilitación cognitiva a personas mayores. Objetivo: evaluar la percepción de la calidad de vida de personas mayores con deterioro cognitivo que se encuentran en telerehabilitación, comparado con la calidad de vida de personas mayores con deterioro cognitivo sin telerehabilitación. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo para identificar los cambios en la calidad de vida de personas mayores con procesos de telerehabilitación. Se emplearon los instrumentos Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease y la escala GENCAT. Resultados: el estudio descriptivo mostró cambios favorables en la calidad de vida de las personas mayores que estuvieron en el proceso de telerehabilitación, mientras que el grupo control presentó cambios negativos. Conclusiones: este estudio permite evidenciar los cambios en la calidad de vida de personas mayores con deterioro cognitivo que participa en un proceso de telerehabilitación durante el confinamiento sanitario. Estos cambios favorables se presentaron en las dimensiones de bienestar emocional, bienestar material, inclusión social y derechos.

Introduction: the processes of care for elderly have presented changes, due to the sanitary confinement caused by COVID-19 pandemic. For this reason, telerehabilitation is promoted as a strategy to continue the processes of cognitive rehabilitation for the elderly. Aim: To evaluate quality of life perceptions among older people with cognitive impairment, who received telerehabilitation, compared with quality of life of older people with cognitive impairment without Telerehabilitation. Method: a descriptive study to identify changes in quality of life of older people receiving tele-rehabilitation processes. Assessment instruments used were: Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease and the GENCAT scale. Results: this descriptive study showed favorable changes in quality of life of the elderly who were in the telerehabilitation process, while the control group presented negative changes. Conclusions: this study offers evidence on the changes in the quality of life for elderly people with cognitive impairment who participate in a telerehabilitation process during sanitary confinement. These favorable changes occurred in the dimensions of emotional well-being, material well-being, social inclusion and rights.

Rehabilitación neuropsicológica en un caso de trastorno límite de la personalidad / Neuropsychological rehabilitation in a case of borderline personality disorder

La rehabilitación neuropsicológica es una terapia que busca mejorar la independencia y autonomía en pacientes que presentan dificultades cognitivas. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la eficacia de un programa de rehabilitación neuropsicológica en una paciente con diagnóstico de trastorno neurocognitivo leve, tipo ejecutivo, asociado a trastorno límite de la personalidad, mediante el fortalecimiento de la atención y de los procesos ejecutivos implicados en la memoria, bajo los principios de sustitución y restitución. Los instrumentos para establecer línea base y para medir el efecto del tratamiento fueron la escala de trastornos de la memoria y la escala de criterios del trastorno límite de la personalidad (TLP) basados en el DSM-V; estos instrumentos se le aplicaron a la paciente y también a su informador para comparar los datos. Los resultados arrojaron una mejoría estadística en las puntuaciones de la escala de trastornos de la memoria y de la escala de criterios para el TLP-DSM-V; pasando de tener una puntuación en memoria de 36 en línea base a 16 después de la intervención, también pasó de tener 3 criterios para impulsividad a 1 criterio después de la intervención. Finalmente se establece la eficacia de la rehabilitación neuropsicológica en los pacientes con TLP, no solo se evidencia mejoría en los síntomas cognitivos asociados a las dificultades en la memoria, sino que también se muestra disminución en los síntomas psiquiátricos asociados con el control de los impulsos.

Neuropsychological rehabilitation is a therapy that seeks to improve independence and autonomy in patients with cognitive difficulties. The objective of the investigation was to determine the efficacy of a neuropsychological rehabilitation program in a patient diagnosed with a mild neurocognitive disorder, executive type, associated with borderline disorder personality, by strengthening attention and executive processes involved in memory, under the principles of substitution and restitution. The instruments to establish a baseline and to measure the effect of treatment were the memory disorders scale and the DSM-V-based borderline personality disorder (BPD) criteria scale; these instruments were applied to the patient and also to her informant to compare the data. The results showed a statistical improvement in the scores of the memory disorders scale and the criteria scale for the BPD-DSM-V; going from having a memory score of 36 at baseline to 16 after the intervention, it also went from having three criteria for impulsivity to one criterion after the intervention. Finally, the efficacy of neuropsychological rehabilitation in patients with BPD is established, not only is there an improvement in the cognitive symptoms associated with memory difficulties, but also a decrease in the psychiatric symptoms associated with impulse control.

Rehabilitación multidisciplinaria para pacientes adultos con accidente cerebrovascular / Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for adult patients with stroke

Se estima que dos tercios de las personas que han sufrido un accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) tienen secuelas que condicionan su calidad de vida. La rehabilitación del ACV es un proceso complejo, que requiere de un equipo multidisciplinario de profesionales especializados (médicos, kinesiólogos, enfermeros, terapistas ocupacionales, fonoaudiólogos, neuropsicólogos y nutricionistas). Actualmente, las prácticas realizadas en rehabilitación son consecuencia de la combinación de evidencia y consenso, siendo la mayoría aportadas a través de guías internacionales de rehabilitación en ACV. El objetivo de esta revisión es ajustar las recomendaciones internacionales sobre rehabilitación a lo aplicado a la práctica diaria, a fin de unificar criterios en las recomendaciones y reducir la variabilidad de las prácticas empleadas. En este trabajo, se realizó una revisión de la literatura sobre las guías de rehabilitación en ACV realizadas en los últimos 10 años y cada apartado fue supervisado por distintos profesionales especializados en dichas áreas. Se analizaron los tiempos y organización necesaria para desarrollarla, las recomendaciones para la rehabilitación motora, cognitiva y visual, el tratamiento de la disfagia y nutrición, de las comorbilidades (trombosis venosa, úlceras cutáneas, dolor, trastornos psiquiátricos, osteoporosis) y las tareas necesarias para favorecer el retorno a las actividades de la vida diaria.

It is estimated that two thirds of people who have suffered a stroke have sequels that condition their quality of life. The rehabilitation of the stroke is a complex process, which requires the multidisciplinary approach of specialized professionals (doctors, kinesiologists, nurses, occupational therapists, phonoaudiologists, neuropsychologists and nutritionists). Currently, the practices carried out are a consequence of the combination of evidence and consensus, most of them through international stroke rehabilitation guides. The objective of this review is to adjust the international recommendations on stroke rehabilitation to what is applied to daily practice, in order to unify the criteria of the recommendations and to reduce the variability of the practices carried out. This work is a review of the literature on stroke rehabilitation guides developed in the last 10 years. Each section was supervised by different professionals specialized in these areas. We analyze the time and organization necessary to develop rehabilitation, recommendations for motor, cognitive and visual rehabilitation, the management of dysphagia and nutrition, the approach of comorbidities (venous thrombosis, skin ulcers, pain, psychiatric disorders and osteoporosis) and the necessary tasks to favor the return to the activities of daily life.

Traumatic brain injury pharmacological treatment: recommendations / Tratamento farmacológico do traumatismo cranioencefálico: recomendações

ABSTRACT This article presents the recommendations on the pharmacological treatment employed in traumatic brain injury (TBI) at the outpatient clinic of the Cognitive Rehabilitation after TBI Service of the Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil. A systematic assessment of the consensus reached in other countries, and of articles on TBI available in the PUBMED and LILACS medical databases, was carried out. We offer recommendations of pharmacological treatments in patients after TBI with different symptoms.

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta as recomendações sobre o tratamento farmacológico empregado para o traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE) em pacientes ambulatoriais de Reabilitação Cognitiva pós-TCEno Serviço do HCFMUSP Foi realizada uma avaliação sistemática dos consensos publicados em outros países e dos artigos sobre TCE disponíveis nas bases de periódicos médicos como PUBMED e LILACS. Recomendamos tratamentos farmacológicos em pacientes pós-TCE com diferentes sintomas.

A reabilitação das alterações cognitivas após o acidente vascular encefálico / The rehabilitation post stroke cognitive changes

O Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE) exerce forte impacto no panorama global da saúde do país, sendo a uma das maiores causas de deficiências no mundo, pois geram sequelas motoras, sensitivas, de linguagem, cognitivas, emocionais e comportamentais. A pessoa que sofreu um AVE necessita de atendimento integrativo, motivo que o presente artigo visa demonstrar como o Serviço de Psicologia no Instituto de Medicina Física de Reabilitação do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (IMREA HC FMUSP) atua no estado da arte da reabilitação neuropsicológica/cognitiva, em que se faz necessário conceituar a Neuropsicologia e sua interface com o diagnóstico diferencial, com compreensão do funcionamento das atividades mentais na normalidade e suas alterações, para finalmente discorrer sobre a estruturação do programa de reabilitação neuropsicológica/cognitiva no processo de Reabilitação Integral da pessoa vítima de AVE no IMREA FMUSP

The Stroke has a strong impact on the country's global health context, being considered one of the major causes of disability in the world, as it generates motor, sensory, language, cognitive, emotional and behavioral sequelae. The person with stroke needs integration, and this article aims to demonstrate how the Psychology Service at the Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (IMREA HC FM USP) uses state of the art of neuropsychological / cognitive rehabilitation, in which it is necessary to conceptualize Neuropsychology and its interface with the differential diagnosis, with an understanding of the functioning of mental activities towards normality and its alterations, to finally discuss the structuring of the program of neuropsychological / cognitive in the process of Integral Rehabilitation of the person victim of AVE in IMREA FMUSP

Efeitos do treinamento auditivo em idosos com Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve / Effects of auditory training in elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment

INTRODUÇÃO: Pesquisas demonstram a existência do Transtorno do Processamento Auditivo em indivíduos com Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve. OBJETIVO: Verificar os efeitos de um treinamento auditivo, em indivíduos com comprometimento cognitivo leve. MÉTODOS: Participaram 25 indivíduos, com idades entre 69 e 91 anos e diagnóstico de Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve, sendo que, 10 receberam treinamento auditivo (grupo estudo), 10 receberam treinamento visual (grupo alternativo) e cinco não receberam intervenção (grupo controle). Testes cognitivos e de processamento auditivo foram aplicados antes e após os treinamentos. RESULTADOS: Apenas o grupo estudo apresentou melhora significante para todas as habilidades auditivas testadas, mas com piora do desempenho para as habilidades cognitivas. CONCLUSÃO: O treinamento auditivo foi efetivo em relação às habilidades auditivas, mas não em relação às habilidades cognitivas. (AU)

INTRODUCTION: Studies have shown the presence of an Auditory Processing Disorder in individuals with mild cognitive impairment. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of an auditory training in individuals with mild cognitive impairment. METHODS: Twenty-five individuals with mild cognitive impairment and ages between 69 and 91 participated in the study. They were divided into three groups: a study group (10 subjects) who underwent an auditory training; an alternative group (10 subjects) who underwent to visual training and a control group (5 subjects) who did not receive any intervention. RESULTS: After training, only the study group demonstrated better performance regarding all auditory abilities, but worse performance regarding cognitive abilities. CONCLUSION: Auditory training was effective regarding auditory abilities but not for cognitive abilities. (AU)

Utilidad de un programa de rehabilitación neuropsicológica de la memoria en daño cerebral adquirido / Usefulness of a program of neuropsychological rehabilitation of memory in acquired brain damage

Este estudio evaluó la utilidad de un programa de rehabilitación cognitiva y funcional de memoria para pacientes con daño cerebral adquirido. Diez participantes con deterioro cognitivo leve o moderado participaron en el estudio, cinco de ellos asistieron durante cuatro meses a un programa semanal de rehabilitación, mientras que los otros cinco no recibieron intervención neuropsicológica. Los resultados mostraron que el grupo de rehabilitación mejoró la puntuación en la Escala de Memoria de Wechsler III. De igual forma, se encontró que la puntuación en la escala de fallos de memoria de la vida diaria solo mejoró en el grupo que recibió rehabilitación. Los resultados sugieren que el programa de rehabilitación de la memoria resulta útil en el tratamiento de las secuelas tanto cognitivas como funcionales resultantes del daño cerebral adquirido...

This study evaluated the usefulness of a cognitive and functional rehabilitation of memory program for patients with acquired brain injury. Ten participants with mild- to -moderate cognitive impairment participated in the study; five of them for four months attended a weekly rehabilitation program, while the other five did not receive any neuropsychological intervention. The results showed that the rehabilitation group improved the score in the Wechsler III Memory Scale. Similarly, it was found that the score on the memory scale of failure of the daily life only improved in the group that received rehabilitation. The results suggest that memory rehabilitation program is useful in the treatment of both cognitive and functional sequels resulting from acquired brain damage...

Rehabilitación cognitiva y funcionamiento sensorial en personas mayores con deterioro cognitivo leve / Cognitive rehabilitation and sensory functioning in old people with mild cognitive impairment

Introducción: se presentan los resultados obtenidos tras la aplicación de un protocolo de rehabilitación cognitiva basado en el funcionamiento sensorial de personas mayores. Metodología: se trata de un estudio pre-post, en el que un grupo de 4 personas mayores de 55 años con deterioro cognitivo leve participa durante 5 semanas, 3 veces a la semana, 60 minutos cada sesión en un protocolo de rehabilitación cognitiva. Se evalúan los dominios cognitivos, la independencia en actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria y la percepción de la carga del cuidador. Se desarrollan las actividades en cinco etapas propuestas por Ross y Burdick, bajo los principios de integración sensorial. Resultados: se evidencia el mantenimiento de habilidades como atención y función ejecutiva en dos de los participantes y un mejor desempeño cognitivo en las otras dos personas en áreas como la orientación, la memoria, la percepción, y las operaciones racionales; al igual que en la ejecución de actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria. Discusión: en Colombia son pocos los programas de rehabilitación cognitiva dirigidos a personas mayores, la evidencia muestra que dichos programas generan resultados en la independencia cotidiana, en las relaciones y en el entorno socio-familiar. Se hace necesario aumentar el tiempo de ejecución del protocolo ya que podrían evidenciarse mejores resultados en los dominios anteriormente descritos. Hay una escasa producción académica alrededor del uso de los principios de integración sensorial en los programas de rehabilitación cognitiva, lo que amerita el trabajo por parte de terapeutas ocupacionales en la investigación sobre este tema.

Introduction: we present the results obtained after the application of a cognitive rehabilitation protocol based on sensory functioning of elderly. Methodology: this is a pre-post study, in which a group of 4 people over 55 years with mild cognitive impairment participated for 5 weeks, 3 times a week, 60 minutes each session in a cognitive rehabilitation protocol. It assesses the cognitive domains, independence in instrumental activities of daily living and caregiver ìs perceived burden. Activities are developed in five stages proposed by Ross and Burdick, under the principles of sensory integration. Results: there are evidence about the maintaining of the attention and the executive function in two of the participants and better cognitive performance in the other two people in the áreas of orientation, memory, perception, and rational operations, as in the performance of instrumental activities of daily living. Discussion: in Colombia there are few cognitive rehabilitation programs for older people, the evidence shows that these programs generate results in daily independence, relationships and the social and family environment. It is necessary to increase the protocol execution time because it could show best performance in the domains described above. There is little academic production around the use of sensory integration principles in cognitive rehabilitation programs, which justifies the work by occupational therapists in research on this topic.

Avaliação do ProDC como recurso na reabilitação cognitiva: estudo piloto / Evaluation of the ProDC as a resource in cognitive rehabilitation: pilot study

O uso do sistema Promoção do Desempenho Cognitivo (ProDC) no desempenho cognitivo de idosos com Déficit Cognitivo Leve (DCL) ou em um estado de demência leve por meio de um estudo piloto quase-experimental. Participaram idosos com 60 anos ou mais, de ambos os sexos, classificados com DCL ou demência leve, por meio do Clinical Demential Rating (CDR). Os idosos participaram de atividades para treinamento cognitivo utilizando o ProDC, realizado em três encontros semanais de uma hora de duração, totalizando 10 encontros. Para mensurar o efeito da intervenção foram utilizados os instrumentos: Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM), Teste do Relógio, Teste de reconhecimento de 10 Figuras e Teste Fluência Semântica (FAS). Foram realizadas análises descritivas e teste t-student para amostras pareadas. Participaram do estudo oito idosos, com idade média de 70,75 ± 8,45 anos (62-81anos) e escolaridade média de 10,12 ± 4,09 anos de estudo. A análise estatística revelou manutenção do desempenho cognitivo após a intervenção no Teste do Relógio (7,62 ± 2,20 vs 7,25 ±2,49; p=0,476), no Teste de Reconhecimento de 10 figuras (9,62 ±0,52 vs 9,75 ±0,71; p=0,732), no FAS (17,75±5,50 vs 17,62 ±4,72; p=0,938) e no MEEM (26,50 ±5,24 vs 26,67 ±2,58; p=0,921). Não ocorreram melhoras estatisticamente significativas no desempenho dos idosos. Todavia, os resultados indicaram importantes aspectos a serem discutidos na escolha de jogos para implementação no cenário clínico e no desenvolvimento de futuros estudos.

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of system Promoting Cognitive Performance (ProDC) on cognitive performance of elderly people with mild cognitive impairment or with mild dementia. A quasi-experimental design was used in a pilot study of participants aged 60 years or more, of both sexes, classified with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia, through the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). The elderly participated in activities to cognitive training using ProDC. The activities occurred three times a week, totaling 10 meetings. To measure the effect of intervention tools were used: Mini Mental State Examination, Clock Drawing Test, Test of recognition 10 Figures and Semantic Fluency Test. Descriptive statistics and Student’s t test for paired samples. The study included eight participants, mean age 70.75 ± 8.45 years (62-81 years) and average education of 10.12 ± 4.09 years of study. The statistical analysis showed maintenance of cognitive performance after the intervention in Clock Drawing Test (7.62 ± 2.20 vs 7.25 ± 2.49, p = 0.476), in Test of recognition 10 Figures (9.62 ± 0,52 vs 9.75 ± 0,71, p = 0.732) in the FAS (17.75 ± 5.50 vs 17.62 ± 4.72, p = 0.938) and Mini Mental State Examination (26.50 ± 5.24 vs 26.67 ± 2.58, p = 0.921). There were no statistically significant improvements in performance of the elderly. However, results indicated important aspects to be discussed when choosing games for implementation in the clinical setting and development of future studies.

Oficinas de estimulação cognitiva adaptadas para idosos analfabetos com transtorno cognitivo leve / Workshops for cognitive stimulation adapted for elderly illiterate individuals with mild cognitive impairment / Talleres de estimulación cognitiva adaptadas para ancianos analfabetos con deterioro cognitivo leve

Oficinas de estimulação cognitiva para idosos analfabetos com transtorno cognitivo leve é um tema pouco pesquisado. Objetivou-se verificar a autopercepção da memória em idosos analfabetos com transtorno cognitivo leve, antes e após oficinas de estimulação cognitiva, adaptadas para analfabetos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, realizada na Unidade de Saúde de Taguatinga-DF, envolvendo 63 idosos: 22 no Grupo Experimental (GE), com 10 oficinas; 21 no Grupo Controle 1 (GC1), com 10 palestras; e 20 no Grupo Controle 2 (GC2), sem intervenção. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas antes e após intervenções, perguntando-se sobre memória. Aos GE e GC1 foram oferecidas atividades semanais de duas horas. A idade média foi 72,8 anos, 92% do sexo feminino. Na pré-intervenção, 82% haviam piorado memória no último ano. Na pós-intervenção, GC1 e GC2 mantiveram alterações da memória, enquanto GE melhorou cognição. Conclui-se que as oficinas e palestras proporcionaram melhora na funcionalidade e socialização/integração.

The aim of this study was to assess the self-perception of memory in elderly illiterate with mild cognitive impairment, before and after workshops of cognitive stimulation adapted for illiterate individuals. The research was qualitative, held at the Health Unit of Taguatinga-DF, involving 63 elderly illiterate: 22 in the experimental group (EG), with 10 workshops; 21 in control group 1 (CG1), with 10 lectures; and 20 in the control group 2 (GC2), without intervention. Semi-structured interviews were carried on before and after the interventions, asking about memory status. The activities offered weekly to EG and CG1 have had two hours of duration. The mean age of the participants was 72.8 years, and 92% were female. In pre-intervention, 82% reported worsening memory during the last year. In post-intervention, CG1 and CG2 kept memory changes, while EG improved cognition. One concludes that the provided workshops and lectures improved functionality and socialization / integration.

Objetivó-se evaluar la percepción subjetiva de la memoria en ancianos analfabetos con deterioro cognitivo leve, antes y después de talleres para estimulación cognitiva adaptada para personas analfabetas. Participaran 63 ancianos: 22 en el grupo experimental (GE) con 10 talleres; 21 en el grupo control 1 (GC1), con 10 conferencias sobre salud; y 20 en el grupo control 2 (CG2), sin intervención. Fueron realizadas entrevistas semi estructuradas antes y después de las intervenciones, preguntandose sobre la memoria. Para los del GE e GC1 fueran ofrecidas actividades semanales de dos horas. La edad media de los participantes fue de 72,8 años, 92% eran del sexo femenino. En la pre-intervención, 82% reportaran deterioro en la memoria durante el último año. En la pos-intervención, los del CG1 y del CG2 mantuvieron los cambios en la memoria, mientras que los del GE mejoraron la cognición. Concluí-se que los talleres y conferencias produjeron mejora en la memoria de los ancianos en la funcionalidad y en la socialización/integración.